UPSTREAM

Pronunciation (US):

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IPA (US):

 Dictionary entry overview: What does upstream mean? 

• UPSTREAM (adjective)
  The adjective UPSTREAM has 1 sense:

1. in the direction against a stream's current

  Familiarity information: UPSTREAM used as an adjective is very rare.

• UPSTREAM (adverb)
  The adverb UPSTREAM has 1 sense:

1. toward the source or against the current

  Familiarity information: UPSTREAM used as an adverb is very rare.

 Dictionary entry details 

• UPSTREAM (adjective)

Sense 1

Meaning:

In the direction against a stream's current

Antonym:

downstream (in the direction of a stream's current)

• UPSTREAM (adverb)

Sense 1

Meaning:

Toward the source or against the current

Synonyms:

upriver; upstream

Antonym:

downstream (away from the source or with the current)

 Context examples 

This allele, which encodes far upstream element-binding protein 1, is involved in the modulation of gene transcription.

(FUBP1 wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)

FAK also binds PI-3 kinase and acts upstream in the MAP kinase pathway.

(Extracellular Matrix Binding Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)

Hormone-receptor complexes recognize discrete DNA sequences upstream of transcription start sites.

(Estrogen Binding Domain, NCI Thesaurus)

Both p38 and ERK kinases contribute to the activation of viral genes by cellular transcription factors acting through the viral UL4 promoter at upstream and basal transcription elements.

(Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)

A likely homotetramer, the receptor contains 5 MIR domains, a large N-terminal ligand-binding cytoplasmic region, and central modulatory sites immediately upstream of the C-terminal calcium channel.

(Inositol 1,4,5-Triphosphate Receptor Type 1, NCI Thesaurus)

NRs share a common organization: an (N) modulatory domain, a conserved central Cys-rich region of two C4 zinc fingers that bind to specific upstream ligand-responsive target DNA elements, and a (C) ligand-binding domain.

(Nuclear Receptor Gene, NCI Thesaurus)

KAI1 appears to be up regulated in activated T-cells. p53 activates the gene by interacting with sequences in a 5-prime upstream region.

(Kangai 1 Protein, NCI Thesaurus)

A fusion gene that results from a chromosomal translocation t(3;8)(p21;q12) which fuses the promoter sequence of the CTNNB1 gene upstream of the entire PLAG1 gene.

(CTNNB1/PLAG1 Fusion Gene, NCI Thesaurus)

PNT2258 targets and complements to untranscribed DNA sequence upstream of BCL2 promoters, thereby interfering with DNA replication and transcription of the BCL2 gene.

(DNA Interference Oligonucleotide PNT2258, NCI Thesaurus)

Caspase-3, -6, and -7 are downstream caspases that are activated by the upstream proteases and act themselves to cleave cellular targets.

(Caspase Cascade Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)