PHASE II

Pronunciation (US):

(GB):

 Dictionary entry overview: What does phase II mean? 

• PHASE II (noun)
  The noun PHASE II has 1 sense:

1. a clinical trial on more persons than in phase I; intended to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment for the condition it is intended to treat; possible side effects are monitored

  Familiarity information: PHASE II used as a noun is very rare.

 Dictionary entry details 

• PHASE II (noun)

Sense 1

Meaning:

A clinical trial on more persons than in phase I; intended to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment for the condition it is intended to treat; possible side effects are monitored

Classified under:

Nouns denoting acts or actions

Synonyms:

phase II; phase II clinical trial

Hypernyms ("phase II" is a kind of...):

clinical test; clinical trial (a rigorously controlled test of a new drug or a new invasive medical device on human subjects; in the United States it is conducted under the direction of the FDA before being made available for general clinical use)

 Context examples 

This gene plays a role in phase II metabolism of both endogenous compounds and xenobiotics.

(GSTT1 Gene, NCI Thesaurus)

Any natural or synthetic substance that enhances the activity of any phase II metabolic enzymes.

(Phase II Enzymes Inducer, NCI Thesaurus)

This gene plays a role in the phase II metabolism of both endogenous compounds and xenobiotics.

(GSTM1 Gene, NCI Thesaurus)

This gene is involved in phase II metabolism of both endogenous compounds and xenobiotics.

(GSTP1 Gene, NCI Thesaurus)

In phase II detoxification, liver cells add a substance (such as cysteine, glycine, or a sulfur molecule) to a toxic chemical or drug, to make it less harmful.

(phase II detoxification, NCI Dictionary)

AREs are cis-acting regulatory enhancer elements found in the 5' flanking region of many phase II detoxification enzymes.

(Broccoli sprout extract, NCI Thesaurus)

Glucosinolate metabolites, such as sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol, act as antioxidants and may stimulate endogenous phase II detoxifying enzymes, including glutathione S-transferase and quinone reductase.

(Brassica vegetable, NCI Thesaurus)

Oltipraz induces phase II detoxification enzymes, such as glutathione S transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1).

(Oltipraz, NCI Thesaurus)

Indole-3-carbinol, found in vegetables of the Cruciferae family, may inhibit mammary cell growth and exerts antiestrogenic activity; Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and Schizandra chinensis may enhance some of the phase II detoxification enzymes; Calcium-D-glucarate and vitamin D3 may inhibit mammary cell growth; stinging nettle may exert its effect through its aromatase inhibiting activity; HMR lignans may have a beneficial effect on estrogen balance and levels.

(Indole-3-Carbinol/Calcium/Schizandra/Vitamin D3/Milk Thistle/Stinging Nettle/Lignan-Based Nutritional Capsule, NCI Thesaurus)

Preclinical, phase I, and phase II studies of both monoclonal antibodies to VEGF and blockers of the VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase pathway indicate that these agents are safe and offer potential clinical utility in patients with hematologic malignancies.

(Angiogenesis Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)