NUCLEOTIDE

Pronunciation (US):

(GB):

IPA (US):

 Dictionary entry overview: What does nucleotide mean? 

• NUCLEOTIDE (noun)
  The noun NUCLEOTIDE has 1 sense:

1. a phosphoric ester of a nucleoside; the basic structural unit of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)

  Familiarity information: NUCLEOTIDE used as a noun is very rare.

 Dictionary entry details 

• NUCLEOTIDE (noun)

Sense 1

Meaning:

A phosphoric ester of a nucleoside; the basic structural unit of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)

Classified under:

Nouns denoting substances

Synonyms:

base; nucleotide

Hypernyms ("nucleotide" is a kind of...):

ester (organic compound formed by reaction between an acid and an alcohol with elimination of water)

Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "nucleotide"):

base pair (one of the pairs of chemical bases joined by hydrogen bonds that connect the complementary strands of a DNA molecule or of an RNA molecule that has two strands; the base pairs are adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine in DNA and adenine with uracil and guanine with cytosine in RNA)

adenosine monophosphate; adenylic acid; AMP (a nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism; reversibly convertible to ADP and ATP)

adenosine diphosphate; ADP (an ester of adenosine that is converted to ATP for energy storage)

adenosine triphosphate; ATP (a nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissue; the major source of energy for cellular reactions)

A; deoxyadenosine monophosphate; C; deoxycytidine monophosphate; deoxyguanosine monophosphate; G; deoxythymidine monophosphate; T (one of the four nucleotides used in building DNA; all four nucleotides have a common phosphate group and a sugar (ribose))

muton (the smallest unit of DNA where a mutation can occur)

polynucleotide ((biochemistry) a linear polymer whose molecule is composed of many nucleotide units constituting a section of a nucleic acid molecule)

oligo; oligonucleotide ((biochemistry) a polynucleotide whose molecules contain relatively few nucleotides)

U; uracil (a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine)

 Context examples 

This allele, which encodes Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 protein, is involved in the modulation of signaling that is mediated by both Rho-family GTPases or G-protein coupled receptors.

(ARHGEF12 wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)

This gene plays a role in the transport of organic anions and nucleotides.

(ABCC5 Gene, NCI Thesaurus)

First, bases are brought into the cell by proteins called nucleotide triphosphate transporters, and these proteins would need to be able to carry in the unnatural bases.

(Expanding the Genetic Alphabet, NIH)

Oxidized nucleotides are continually removed by the cell.

(Structural Snapshots of Damaged DNA, NIH)

A set of genetic loci where each locus contains either a mononucleotide (single base pair) repeat or a dinucleotide (two nucleotide subunits) repeat sequence.

(Mononucleotide and Dinucleotide Marker Panel, NCI Thesaurus)

A sequence of single-stranded RNA, that is 20-25 nucleotides in length, which is transcribed from DNA but is not translated into a protein.

(microRNA, NCI Thesaurus)

A change in the nucleotide sequence of the AKT1 gene.

(AKT1 Gene Mutation, NCI Thesaurus)

MIR375 pre-miRNA (70 nucleotides) is encoded by the human MIR375 gene.

(MIR375 Pre-miRNA, NCI Thesaurus)

A sequence of single-stranded RNA which is typically 20-25 nucleotides in length and may regulate the expression of other genes. miRNAs are transcribed from DNA, but are not translated into proteins.

(microRNA, NCI Thesaurus/CDISC)

A purine base and a fundamental unit of adenine nucleotides.

(Adenine, NLM, Medical Subject Headings)