MONOSACCHARIDE

Pronunciation (US):

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 Dictionary entry overview: What does monosaccharide mean? 

• MONOSACCHARIDE (noun)
  The noun MONOSACCHARIDE has 1 sense:

1. a sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars; the simplest group of carbohydrates

  Familiarity information: MONOSACCHARIDE used as a noun is very rare.

 Dictionary entry details 

• MONOSACCHARIDE (noun)

Sense 1

Meaning:

A sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars; the simplest group of carbohydrates

Classified under:

Nouns denoting substances

Synonyms:

monosaccharide; monosaccharose; simple sugar

Hypernyms ("monosaccharide" is a kind of...):

carbohydrate; saccharide; sugar (an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain)

Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "monosaccharide"):

triose (any monosaccharide sugar containing three atoms of carbon per molecule)

tetrose (any monosaccharide sugar containing four atoms of carbon per molecule)

pentose (any monosaccharide sugar containing five atoms of carbon per molecule)

hexose (a monosaccharide that contains six carbon atoms per molecule)

aldose (a monosaccharide sugar that contains the aldehyde group or is hemiacetal)

ketose (any monosaccharide sugar that contains a ketone group or its hemiacetal)

 Context examples 

Fructose is an abundant monosaccharide in fruit, and is also found along with glucose in the common disaccharide sucrose.

(Feeder Pathways for Glycolysis, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)

A class of monosaccharides with five carbon atoms.

(Pentose, NCI Thesaurus/CRCH)

The beta isoform of D-glucopyranose, a synthetic simple monosaccharide as an energy source.

(Beta-D-Glucopyranose, NCI Thesaurus)

A class of monosaccharides with six carbon atoms.

(Hexose, NCI Thesaurus/CRCH)

The anhydrous form of D-glucose, a natural monosaccharide and carbohydrate.

(Anhydrous Dextrose, NCI Thesaurus)

Acarbose binds to and inhibits alpha-glucosidase, an enteric enzyme found in the brush border of the small intestines that hydrolyzes oligosaccharides and disaccharides into glucose and other monosaccharides.

(Acarbose, NCI Thesaurus)

The synthesis of glycosidic bonds between monosaccharides requires energy input, energy that is provided by joining sugar monomers to a nucleotide such as UDP.

(Lactose Synthesis Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)

A carbohydrate comprised of three to ten monosaccharides joined by ether bridges (covalent bonds centered by an oxygen).

(Oligosaccharide, NCI Thesaurus/CRCH)

The sugar group in glycosides is known as the glycone, which can be a single sugar group (monosaccharide) or several sugar groups (oligosaccharide); the non-sugar group is known as the aglycone or genin.

(Glycoside, NCI Thesaurus)

Intensive transport of monosaccharides into the cells (Salganik et al 1994).

(OXYS, Rat Strain, NCI Thesaurus)