HYDROXYL RADICAL

Pronunciation (US):

(GB):

 Dictionary entry overview: What does hydroxyl radical mean? 

• HYDROXYL RADICAL (noun)
  The noun HYDROXYL RADICAL has 1 sense:

1. the monovalent group -OH in such compounds as bases and some acids and alcohols

  Familiarity information: HYDROXYL RADICAL used as a noun is very rare.

 Dictionary entry details 

• HYDROXYL RADICAL (noun)

Sense 1

Meaning:

The monovalent group -OH in such compounds as bases and some acids and alcohols

Classified under:

Nouns denoting substances

Synonyms:

hydroxyl; hydroxyl group; hydroxyl radical

Hypernyms ("hydroxyl radical" is a kind of...):

chemical group; group; radical ((chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule)

 Context examples 

Upon administration, boanmycin forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals.

(Boanmycin Hydrochloride, NCI Thesaurus)

Peplomycin forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals that cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA.

(Peplomycin, NCI Thesaurus)

They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals.

(Metal, NCI Thesaurus)

Upon photoirradiation, PpIX is activated and transfers energy to oxygen, generating singlet oxygen and superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, which may result in free-radical-mediated DNA damage and cell death.

(Methyl-5-Aminolevulinate Hydrochloride Cream, NCI Thesaurus)

Upon exposure to light of appropriate wavelength (red, or blue), PpIX catalyzes oxygen to singlet oxygen, an intracellular toxin, which can further react to form superoxide and hydroxyl radicals.

(Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride, NCI Thesaurus)

Inside the endothelial cell peroxide can be converted to hydroxyl ions in the presence of iron. Peroxides and hydroxyl radicals activate NF-kB and activate expression of inflammatory genes including adhesion molecules, TNF and IL-8.

(Free Radical Induced Apoptosis Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)

Upon administration, PLED-based MnSOD mimetic mimics MnSOD and scavenges oxygen free radicals such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical, thereby preventing oxygen free radical damage to macromolecules such as DNA and minimizing oxygen free radical-related chemotoxicity in normal tissues.

(PLED-based MnSOD Mimetic, NCI Thesaurus)

Bleomycin sulfate forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation.

(Bleomycin sulfate, NCI Thesaurus)

Bleomycin forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation.

(Bleomycin, NCI Thesaurus)

Mutant SOD1 can also trigger oxidative reactions by various means including by increasing levels of peroxynitrite, which can then cause damage through the formation of hydroxyl radicals or via nitration of tyrosine residues on proteins.

(Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/KEGG)