DOWNSTREAM

Pronunciation (US):

(GB):

IPA (US):

 Dictionary entry overview: What does downstream mean? 

• DOWNSTREAM (adjective)
  The adjective DOWNSTREAM has 1 sense:

1. in the direction of a stream's current

  Familiarity information: DOWNSTREAM used as an adjective is very rare.

• DOWNSTREAM (adverb)
  The adverb DOWNSTREAM has 1 sense:

1. away from the source or with the current

  Familiarity information: DOWNSTREAM used as an adverb is very rare.

 Dictionary entry details 

• DOWNSTREAM (adjective)

Sense 1

Meaning:

In the direction of a stream's current

Antonym:

upstream (in the direction against a stream's current)

• DOWNSTREAM (adverb)

Sense 1

Meaning:

Away from the source or with the current

Synonyms:

downriver; downstream

Antonym:

upstream (toward the source or against the current)

 Context examples 

Upon oral administration, ATR kinase inhibitor AZD6738 selectively inhibits ATR activity by blocking the downstream phosphorylation of the serine/threonine protein kinase CHK1.

(ATR Kinase Inhibitor AZD6738, NCI Thesaurus)

Downstream protein kinases such as PKA and PKC turned on by GPCR signaling can phosphorylate the activated GPCR and other GPCRs to prevent further signaling.

(Attenuation of GPCR Signaling Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)

NFAT, a family of transcription factors involved in immune responses, is activated by calcium signaling, which can occur downstream of TCR activation.

(Autologous Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Cotransduced with Retroviral Vectors Encoding Inducible IL-12 and Anti-NY-ESO-1 TCR, NCI Thesaurus)

Consequently, shortage of mevalonate impedes the synthesis of downstream isoprenoids that are essential for protein prenylation.

(Apomine, NCI Thesaurus)

The phosphorylation of p70S6K and 4EBP by mTOR and the phosphorylation downstream of RPS6 and EIF-4B stimulate translational initiation and contribute to cell growth.

(mTOR Signaling Pathway BioCarta, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)

This may lead to an inhibition of EGFR-dependent downstream pathways and so inhibition of EGFR-dependent tumor cell proliferation and metastasis.

(Necitumumab, NCI Thesaurus)

Inhibition of these RTKs and their downstream signaling pathways may result in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation in tumors overexpressing these RTKs.

(Multitargeted Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor MGCD265, NCI Thesaurus)

The protein kinase C-related molecule PKN3, downstream in the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, is upregulated in many tumor cells and plays an important role in invasive cell growth and metastasis.

(Anti-PKN3 siRNA Atu027, NCI Thesaurus)

Ran plays a similar role in each of these processes, regulating downstream signaling pathways in a differential manner based on whether GDP or GTP is bound.

(Mitotic Spindle Regulation Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and phospholipase C-gamma 2 (PLC-gamma 2) are important downstream effectors of BCR signalling.

(B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/KEGG)