CYTOKINE

Pronunciation (US):

(GB):

 Dictionary entry overview: What does cytokine mean? 

• CYTOKINE (noun)
  The noun CYTOKINE has 1 sense:

1. any of various protein molecules secreted by cells of the immune system that serve to regulate the immune system

  Familiarity information: CYTOKINE used as a noun is very rare.

 Dictionary entry details 

• CYTOKINE (noun)

Sense 1

Meaning:

Any of various protein molecules secreted by cells of the immune system that serve to regulate the immune system

Classified under:

Nouns denoting substances

Hypernyms ("cytokine" is a kind of...):

protein (any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes)

Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "cytokine"):

TNF; tumor necrosis factor; tumour necrosis factor (a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by white blood cells (monocytes and macrophages); has an antineoplastic effect but causes inflammation (as in rheumatoid arthritis))

lymphokine (a cytokine secreted by helper T cells in response to stimulation by antigens and that acts on other cells of the immune system (as by activating macrophages))

 Context examples 

This results in the secretion of cytokines and induces the recruitment and activation of other immune cells, which may result in indirect tumoricidal or cytostatic effects.

(Almurtide, NCI Thesaurus)

A preparation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) negative, allogeneic cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) expressing a membrane-tethered interleukin 13 (IL13) cytokine chimeric T-cell antigen receptor (zetakine), with potential antineoplastic activity.

(Allogeneic IL13-Zetakine/HyTK-Expressing-Glucocorticoid Resistant Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes GRm13Z40-2, NCI Thesaurus)

In addition to its effect on glucose levels, alogliptin may inhibit inflammatory responses by preventing the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)-mediated formation of proinflammatory cytokines.

(Alogliptin, NCI Thesaurus)

GM-CSF, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, stimulates the production of granulocytes and monocytes; it plays a key role in the activation of the innate immune system and in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

(Namilumab, NCI Thesaurus)

In addition to its pro-apoptotic effect, MCC activates monocytes and macrophages to produce various cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a).

(Mycobacterial Cell Wall-DNA Complex, NCI Thesaurus)

This agent is also a potent inducer of interferon and a spectrum of cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF).

(Ammonium Trichlorotellurate, NCI Thesaurus)

An allogeneic cancer vaccine composed of lethally irradiated, whole pancreatic cancer cells transfected with a plasmid carrying the gene for cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities.

(Allogeneic GM-CSF-secreting Tumor Vaccine PANC 10.05 pcDNA-1/GM-Neo, NCI Thesaurus)

An allogeneic cancer vaccine composed of lethally irradiated whole melanoma cancer cells that are genetically modified to secrete the immunostimulatory cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities.

(Allogeneic GM-CSF-secreting Lethally Irradiated Whole Melanoma Cell Vaccine, NCI Thesaurus)

TNF-alpha, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is upregulated in various autoimmune diseases.

(Adalimumab, NCI Thesaurus)

This allele, which encodes activin receptor type-1C protein, is involved in the mediation of protein phosphorylation and the modulation of cytokine signaling.

(ACVR1C wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)