CIRCULATION

Pronunciation (US):

(GB):

IPA (US):

 Dictionary entry overview: What does circulation mean? 

• CIRCULATION (noun)
  The noun CIRCULATION has 6 senses:

1. the dissemination of copies of periodicals (as newspapers or magazines)

2. movement through a circuit; especially the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels

3. (library science) the count of books that are loaned by a library over a specified period

4. number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold

5. free movement or passage (as of cytoplasm within a cell or sap through a plant)

6. the spread or transmission of something (as news or money) to a wider group or area

  Familiarity information: CIRCULATION used as a noun is common.

 Dictionary entry details 

• CIRCULATION (noun)

Sense 1

Meaning:

The dissemination of copies of periodicals (as newspapers or magazines)

Classified under:

Nouns denoting communicative processes and contents

Hypernyms ("circulation" is a kind of...):

airing; dissemination; public exposure; spreading (the opening of a subject to widespread discussion and debate)

Derivation:

circulate (cause to be distributed)

Sense 2

Meaning:

Movement through a circuit; especially the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels

Classified under:

Nouns denoting natural phenomena

Hypernyms ("circulation" is a kind of...):

organic phenomenon ((biology) a natural phenomenon involving living plants and animals)

Meronyms (parts of "circulation"):

blood pressure (the pressure of the circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels; results from the systole of the left ventricle of the heart; sometimes measured for a quick evaluation of a person's health)

Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "circulation"):

systemic circulation (circulation that supplies blood to all the body except to the lungs)

pulmonary circulation (circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs)

vitelline circulation (circulation of blood between the embryo and the yolk sac)

Derivation:

circulate (move through a space, circuit or system, returning to the starting point)

circulate (cause to move in a circuit or system)

Sense 3

Meaning:

(library science) the count of books that are loaned by a library over a specified period

Classified under:

Nouns denoting quantities and units of measure

Hypernyms ("circulation" is a kind of...):

count (the total number counted)

Domain category:

library science (the study of the principles and practices of library administration)

Sense 4

Meaning:

Number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold

Classified under:

Nouns denoting quantities and units of measure

Context example:

by increasing its circulation the newspaper hoped to increase its advertising

Hypernyms ("circulation" is a kind of...):

count (the total number counted)

Derivation:

circulate (cause to be distributed)

Sense 5

Meaning:

Free movement or passage (as of cytoplasm within a cell or sap through a plant)

Classified under:

Nouns denoting natural events

Context example:

a fan aids air circulation

Hypernyms ("circulation" is a kind of...):

change of location; travel (a movement through space that changes the location of something)

Domain category:

flora; plant; plant life ((botany) a living organism lacking the power of locomotion)

Derivation:

circulate (cause to move in a circuit or system)

Sense 6

Meaning:

The spread or transmission of something (as news or money) to a wider group or area

Classified under:

Nouns denoting acts or actions

Hypernyms ("circulation" is a kind of...):

spread; spreading (act of extending over a wider scope or expanse of space or time)

Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "circulation"):

recirculation (circulation again)

Derivation:

circulate (cause to become widely known)

circulate (cause to be distributed)

 Context examples 

Cardiac arrest is the non-fatal, sudden cessation of cardiac activity so that the victim subject/patient becomes unresponsive, with no normal breathing and no signs of circulation.

(Cardiac Arrest, NCI Thesaurus/CDISC)

It consists of a mass of lung parenchyma that does not communicate with the bronchial tree and receives its blood supply from the systemic circulation instead of the pulmonary circulation.

(Bronchopulmonary Sequestration, NCI Thesaurus)

People who are at risk for bone infections include those with diabetes, poor circulation, or recent injury to the bone.

(Bone Infections, NIH)

The right pumps venous blood into the lungs and the left pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation.

(Cardiac Ventricle, NLM, Medical Subject Headings)

Relating to the heart and the blood vessels or the circulation.

(Cardiovascular System, NCI Thesaurus)

A T lymphocyte that has differentiated in the bone marrow, undergone central selection in the thymus, but has not encountered its cognate antigen in the peripheral circulation.

(CD4 Positive Naive T-Lymphocyte, NCI Thesaurus)

This gene plays a role in in leukocyte circulation and pro-inflammatory responses; however, a specific function has yet to be elucidated.

(CCBP2 Gene, NCI Thesaurus)

Bombesin affects vascular and other smooth muscle, gastric secretion, and renal circulation and function.

(Bombesin, NLM, Medical Subject Headings)

As the transduced PBLs traverse the patient's circulation, they can bind to NY-ESO-1-overexpressing tumor cells.

(Autologous Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Cotransduced with Retroviral Vectors Encoding Inducible IL-12 and Anti-NY-ESO-1 TCR, NCI Thesaurus)

Titan has a global circulation pattern in which warm air in the summer hemisphere wells up from the surface and enters the stratosphere, slowly making its way to the winter pole.

(NASA Finds Methane Ice Cloud in Titan's Stratosphere, NASA)